// Subsurface 4.0.1 User Manual // ============================ // :author: Manual authors: Jacco van Koll, Dirk Hohndel, Reinout Hoornweg, // Linus Torvalds, Miika Turkia, Amit Chaudhuri, Jan Schubert, Willem // Ferguson, Salvador Cuñat // :revnumber: 4.1 // :revdate: April 2014 :icons: :toc: :toc-placement: manual :numbered: // :website: http://subsurface.hohndel.org image::images/Subsurface4Banner.png["Banner",align="center"] [big]#USER MANUAL# *Manual authors*: Willem Ferguson, Jacco van Koll, Dirk Hohndel, Reinout Hoornweg, Linus Torvalds, Miika Turkia, Amit Chaudhuri, Jan Schubert, Salvador Cuñat [blue]#_Version 4.1, April 2014_# Welcome as a user of _Subsurface_, an advanced dive logging programme with extensive infrastructure to describe, organise, interpret and print scuba and free dives. _Subsurface_ offers many advantages above other similar software solutions: - Do you use two different dive computer brands, each with its own proprietary software for downloading dive logs? Do you dive with rebreathers as well as open circuit? Do you use a Reefnet Sensus time-depth recorder in conjunction with a dive computer? _Subsurface_ offers a standard interface for downloading dive logs from all these different pieces of equipment and to store and analyse the dive logs within a unified system. - Do you use more than one operating system? _Subsurface_ is fully compatible with Mac, Linux and Microsoft, allowing you to access your dive log on each of your operating systems in a unified way. - Do you use Linux or Mac and your dive computer has only Microsoft-based software for downloading dive information (e.g. Mares)? _Subsurface_ provides a way of storing and anaysing your dive logs on other operating systems. _Subsurface_ binaries are available for Windows PCs (Win XP or later), Intel based Macs (OS/X) and many Linux distributions. _Subsurface_ can be built for many more hardware platforms and software environments where Qt and libdivecomputer are available. The scope of this document is the use of the _Subsurface_ program. To install the software, consult the _Downloads_ page on the http://subsurface.hohndel.org/[_Subsurface_ web site]. Please discuss issues with this program by sending an email to mailto:subsurface@hohndel.org[our mailing list] and report bugs at http://trac.hohndel.org[our bugtracker]. For instructions on how to build the software and (if needed) its dependencies please consult the INSTALL file included with the source code. *Audience*: Recreational Scuba Divers, Free Divers, Tec Divers, Professional Divers toc::[] [[S_StartUsing]] Start Using the Program ----------------------- The _Subsurface_ window is usually divided into four panels with a *Main Menu* (File Import Log View Filter Help) at the top of the window (for Windows and Linux) or the top of the screen (for Mac and Ubuntu Unity). The four panels are: 1) The *Dive List* to the bottom left containing a list of all the dives in the user's dive log. A dive can be selected and highlighted on the dive list by clicking on it. In most situations the up/down keys can be used to switch between dives. The Dive List is an important tool for manipulating a dive log. 2) The *Dive Map* to the bottom right, showing the user's dive sites on a world map and centred on the site of the last dive selected in the *Dive List*. 3) The *Dive Info* to the top left, giving more detailed information on the dive selected in the *Dive List*, including some statistics for the selected dive or for all highlighted dive(s). 4) The *Dive Profile* to the top right, showing a graphical dive profile of the selected dive in the *Dive List*. The dividers can be dragged between panels in order to change the size of any of the panels. _Subsurface_ remembers the position of the dividers, so the next time _Subsurface_ starts it uses the positions of the dividers when the program was executed previously. If a dive is selected in the *Dive List*, the dive location, detailed information and profile of the _selected dive_ are shown in the respective panels. On the other hand, if one highlights more than one dive the last highlighted dive is the _selected dive_, but summary data of all _highlighted dives_ are shown in the *Stats* tab of the *Dive Info* panel (maximum, minimum and average depths, durations, water temperatures and SAC; total time and number of dives selected). [[S_ViewPanels]] image::images/main_window.jpg["The Main Window",align="center"] The user can determine which of the four panels are displayed by selecting the *View* option on the main menu. This feature gives the user several choices of display: *All*: show all four of the panels as in the screenshot above. *Divelist*: Show only the Dive List. *Profile*: Show only the Dive Profile of the selected dive. *Info*: Show only the Dive Notes about the last selected dive and statistics for all highlighted dives. *Globe*: Show only the world map, centred on the last selected dive. Like many other functions that can be accessed via the Main Menu, these options can be triggered using keyboard shortcuts. The shortcuts for a particular system are shown with an underline in the main menu entries. Since different Operating Systems and the user chosen language may cause _Subsurface_ to use different shortcut keys they are not listed here in the user manual. When the program is started for the first time, it shows no information at all. This is because the program doesn't have any dive information available. In the following sections, the procedures to create a new logbook will be described. [[S_NewLogbook]] Creating a new logbook ---------------------- Select _File -> New Logbook_ from the main menu. All existing dive data are cleared so that new information can be added. If there are unsaved data in an open logbook, the user is asked whether the open logbook should be saved before a new logbook is created. [[S_GetInformation]] == How to store dive information in the user's logbook There are several ways in which dive information can be added to a logbook: 1. Enter dive information by hand. This is typically useful if the diver did not use a dive computer and dives were recorded in a written logbook. 2. Import dive information directly from a dive computer if it is supported by _Subsurface_. The latest list of dive computers supported by _Subsurface_ can be found at: link:http://subsurface.hohndel.org/documentation/supported-dive-computers/[ Supported dive computers]. 3. Import dive information from another data base or file format. This is discussed in more detail below. [[S_EnterData]] === Entering dive information by hand This is usually the approach for dives without a dive computer. The basic record of information within _Subsurface_ is a dive. The most important information in a simple dive logbook usually includes dive type, date, time, duration, depth, the names of your dive buddy and of the dive master or dive guide, and some remarks about the dive. _Subsurface_ can store much more information than this for each dive. In order to add a dive to a dive log, select _Log -> Add Dive_ from the Main Menu. The program then shows three panels to enter information for a dive: two tabs in the *Info* panel (*Dive Notes* and *Equipment*), as well as the *profile* panel that displays a graphical profile of each dive. These panels are respectively marked [red]#A#, [red]#B# and [red]#C# in the figure below. Each of these tabs will now be explained for data entry. image::images/AddDive1.jpg["FIGURE: Add dive",align="center"] ==== Dive Notes This panel contains the date, time and place information for a particular dive, environmental conditions, co-divers and buddies, as well as some descriptive information. The message in a blue box at the top of the panel indicates that the dive is being edited. If one clicks on the *Dive Notes* tab, the following fields are visible: image::images/AddDive2.jpg["FIGURE: The Dive Notes tab",align="center"] The *Start time* field reflects the date and the time of the dive. By clicking the down-arrow on the right of that field a calendar will be displayed from which one can choose the correct date. The time values (hour and minutes) can also be edited directly by clicking on each of them in the text box and by overtyping the information displayed. *Air and water temperatures*: the air and water temperatures during the dive can be typed directly on the fields to the right of the Start time. Temperature units are not needed, as they will be automatically supplied by _Subsurface_. Only the numerical value must be typed by the user (The units selected in the 'Preferences' will determine whether metric or imperial units are used). *Location*: Here the name of the dive site can be entered, e.g. "Tihany, Lake Balaton, Hungary". Auto completion of location names will make this easier if one frequently dives at the same sites. *Coordinates*: The geographic coordinates of the dive site should be entered here. These can come from three sources: a. One can find the coordinates on the world map in the bottom right hand part of the Subsurface window. The map displays a green bar indicating "No location data - Move the map and double-click to set the dive location". Upon a double-click at the appropriate place, the green bar disappears and the coordinates are stored. b. The coordinates can be obtained from the _Subsurface_ Companion app if the user has an Android device with GPS and if the coordinates of the dive site were stored using that device. xref:S_Companion[Click here for more information] c. The coordinates can be entered by hand if they are known, using one of four formats with latitude followed by longitude: ISO 6709 Annex D format e.g. 30°13'28.9"N 30°49'1.5"E Degrees and decimal minutes, e.g. N30° 13.49760' , E30° 49.30788' Degrees minutes seconds, e.g. N30° 13' 29.8" , E30° 49' 1.5" Decimal degrees, e.g. 30.22496 , 30.821798 Southern hemisphere latitudes are given with a *S*, e.g. S30°, or with a negative value, e.g. -30.22496. Similarly western longitudes are given with a *W*, e.g. W07°, or with a negative value, e.g. -7.34323. Please note that GPS coordinates of a dive site are linked to the Location name - so adding coordinates to dives that does not have a location description will cause unexpected behavior (Subsurface will think that all of these dives have the same location and try to keep their GPS coordinates the same. *Divemaster*: The name of the dive master or dive guide for this dive can be entered here. Again, this field offers auto completion based on the list of dive masters in the current logbook. *Buddy*: In this field one can enter the name(s) of the buddy / buddies (separated by commas) who accompanied the user on the dive. Auto completion is offered based on the list of buddies in the current logbook. *Suit*: The type of diving suit used for the dive can be entered here. As with the other items, auto completion of the suit description is available. *Rating*: In this field, provide a subjective overall rating of the dive on a 5-point scale by clicking the appropriate star on the rating scale. *Visibility*: As with the previous item, provide a rating of visibility during the dive on a 5-point scale by clicking the appropriate star. *Tags*: Tags that describe the type of dive performed may be entered here (separated by commas). Examples of common tags are boat, drift, training, cave etc. _Subsurface_ has many built-in tags. Auto completion is once again offered. For instance, if, for instance, +cav+ was typed, then the tags *cave* and *cavern* are shown for the user to choose from. *Notes*: Any additional information can be typed here. The *Save* and *Cancel* buttons are used to save all the information for tabs in the info panel and in the dive profile panel, so there's no need to use them until ALL other information has been added. Here is an example of a completed Dive Notes panel: image::images/CompletedDiveInfo.jpg["FIGURE: A completed Dive Notes tab",align="center"] ==== Equipment The Equipment tab allows the user to enter information about the type of cylinder and gas used, as well as the weights used for a dive. The message in a blue box at the top of the panel: image::images/BlueEditBar.jpg["Blue edit bar",align="center"] indicates that the dive is being edited. This is a highly interactive part of _Subsurface_ and the information on cylinders and gases (entered here) affects the behaviour of the dive profile (top right-hand panel). [[S_CylinderData]] *Cylinders*: The cylinder information is entered through a dialogue that looks like this: image::images/CylinderDataEntry1.jpg["FIGURE:Initial cylinder dialogue",align="center"] The + button at the top right allows the user to add more cylinders for this dive. The dark dustbin icon on the left allows one to delete information for a particular cylinder. Start by selecting a cylinder type on the left-hand side of the table. To select a cylinder, click in the *Type* box. This brings up a button that can be used to display a dropdown list of cylinders: image::images/CylinderDataEntry2.jpg["FIGURE:The cylinder drop-down list button",align="center"] The drop-down list can be used to select the cylinder type used for the dive or the user may start typing in the box which shows the available options for the entered characters. The *Size* of the cylinder as well as its working pressure (*WorkPress*) will automatically be shown in the dialogue. If a cylinder is not shown in the dropdown list, type the name and description of that cylinder into the *Type* field. Next, indicate the starting pressure and the ending pressure of the gas used during the dive. The unit of pressure (metric/imperial) corresponds to the setting in the _Preferences_. Finally, type in the gas mixture used in the *O2%* field. If air was used, a value of 21% can be entered on this field, or it might be left blank. If nitrox or trimix were used, their percentages of oxygen and/or helium must be specified. Any inappropriate fields should be left empty. After typing the information for the cylinder, press _ENTER_ on the keyboard or click outside the cell that contains the cursor. Information for any additional cylinders can be added by using the + button at the top right hand. Following is an example of a complete description for a dive made using two cylinders (air and EAN50): image::images/CylinderDataEntry3.jpg["FIGURE: a completed cylinder dive information table",align="center"] *Weights*: Information about the weight system used during a dive can be entered using a dialogue very similar to that for the cylinder information. If the user clicks the + button on the top right of the weights dialogue, the table looks like this: image::images/WeightsDataEntry1.jpg["FIGURE: The Weights dialogue",align="center"] If one then clicks on the *Type* field, a drop-down list becomes accessible through a down-arrow: image::images/WeightsDataEntry2.jpg["FIGURE: Weights type drop-down list button",align="center"] The drop-down list can then be used to select the type of weight system or the user may start typing in the box which shows the available options for the entered characters. In the *Weight* field, the weight used during the dive must be typed. After typing the information for the weight system the user must either press _ENTER_ on the keyboard or click outside the cell that contains the cursor. It is possible to enter information for more than one weight system by adding an additional system using the + button on the top right hand. Weight systems can be deleted using the dustbin icon on the left hand. Here is an example of information for a dive with two types of weights: integrated and a weight belt: image::images/WeightsDataEntry3.jpg["FIGURE: A completed weights information table",align="center"] There's NO need to click the _Save_ button before the dive profile has been completed. [[S_CreateProfile]] ==== Creating a Dive Profile The *Dive Profile* (a graphical representation of the depth of the dive as a function of time) is indicated in the panel on the top right hand of the _Subsurface_ window. When a dive is manually added to a logbook, _Subsurface_ presents a default dive profile that needs to be modified to best represent the dive being described: image::images/DiveProfile1.jpg["FIGURE: Initial dive profile",align="center"] _Modifying the dive profile_: When the cursor is moved around the dive profile, its position is indicated by two colored lines (red and green) as shown below. The depth and time that the cursor represents are indicated, respectively on the left hand and bottom axes. The units (metric/imperial) on the axes are determined by the *Preference* settings. The dive profile itself comprises several line segments demarcated by waypoints (white dots on the profile, as shown above). The default dive depth is 15 m. If the dive depth was 21 m then the user needs to drag the appropriate waypoints downwards to represent 21 m. To add a waypoint, double-click on any line segment. To move an additional waypoint, drag it. To remove this waypoint, right-click on it and choose "Remove this point" from the context menu. The user needs to drag the waypoints to represent an accurate time duration for the dive. Below is a dive profile that represents a dive to 21 m for 31 min, followed by a 5 minute safety stop at 5 m. image::images/DiveProfile2.jpg["FIGURE: Edited dive profile",align="center"] _Specifying the gas composition:_ The gas composition used is clearly indicated along the line segments of the dive profile. This defaults to the first gas mixture specified in the *Equipment* tab, which was air in the case of the profile illustrated above. The gas mixtures of segments of the dive profile can be edited. This is done by right-clicking on the particular waypoint and selecting the appropriate gas from the context menu. Changing the gas for a waypoint affects the gas shown in the segment _to the left_ of that waypoint. Note that only the gases defined in the *Equipment* tab appear in the context menu. image::images/DiveProfile3.jpg["FIGURE: Gas composition context menu",align="center"] Below is the profile of a dive to 21 m for 31 min for which an extra waypoint was added at 18 m on the ascent and with a switch from air to EAN50 at 18 m. In this case the first cylinder in the *Equipment* tab contained air and the second cylinder contained EAN50. image::images/DiveProfile4.jpg["FIGURE: Completed dive profile",align="center"] ==== Saving the hand-entered dive information The information entered in the *Dive Notes* tab, the *Equipment* tab as well as the *Dive Profile* can now be saved in the user's logbook by using the two buttons on the top right hand of the Dive Notes tab. If the _Save_ button is clicked, the dive data are saved in the current logbook. If the _Cancel_ button is clicked, the newly entered dive data are discarded. When exiting _Subsurface_, the user will be prompted once more to save the logbook with the new dive(s). [[S_ImportDiveComputer]] === Importing new dive information from a Dive Computer ==== Connecting and importing data from a dive computer. The use of dive computers allows the collection of a large amount of information about each dive, e.g. a detailed record of depth, duration, rates of ascent/descent and of gas partial pressures. _Subsurface_ can capture this information and present it as part of the dive information, using dive information from a wide range of dive computers. The latest list of supported dive computers can be found at: link:http://subsurface.hohndel.org/documentation/supported-dive-computers/[ Supported dive computers]. [icon="images/icons/warning2.png"] [WARNING] Several dive computers consume more power when they are in their PC-Communication mode. **This could drain the dive computer's battery**. We therefore recommend that the user checks if the dive computer is charged when connected to the USB port of a PC. For example, several Suunto and Mares dive computers do not recharge through the USB connection. Users should refer to the dive computer's manual if they are unsure whether the dive computer recharges its batteries while connected to the USB port. To import dive information from a dive computer to a computer with _Subsurface_, it is necessary that the two pieces of equipment communicate with one another. This involves setting up the communications port (or mount point) of the computer with _Subsurface_ that communicates with the dive computer. In order to set up this communication, one needs to find the appropriate information to instruct _Subsurface_ where and how to import the dive information. *Appendix A* provides the technical information to help the user achieving this for different operating systems and *Appendix B* has dive computer specific information. After this, the dive computer can be hooked up to the user's PC, which can be achieved by following these steps: - The interface cable should be connected to a free USB port (or the Infrared or Bluetooth connection set up as described later in this manual) - The dive computer should be placed into PC Communication mode. (Users should refer to the manual of their specific dive computer) - In _Subsurface_, from the Main Menu, the user must select _Import -> Import From Dive Computer_. Dialogue *A* in the figure below appears: image::images/ImportFromDC1.jpg["FIGURE: Download dialogue 1",align="center"] Dive computers tend to keep a certain number of dives in their memory, even though these dives have already been imported to _Subsurface_. For that reason _Subsurface_ only imports dives that have not been uploaded before. This makes the download process faster on most dive computers and also saves battery power of the dive computer (at least for those not charging while connected via USB). If, for some reason, the user wishes to import ALL dives from the dive computer, even though some may already be in the logbook, then check the the check box labeled _Force download of all dives_. - The dialogue has two drop-down lists, *Vendor* and *Dive Computer*. On the *vendor* drop-down list select the make of the computer, e.g. Suunto, Oceanic, Uwatec, Mares. On the *Dive Computer* drop-down list, the model name of the dive computer must be selected, e.g. D4 (Suunto), Veo200 (Oceanic), or Puck (Mares). - The *Device or Mount Point* drop-down list contains the USB or Bluetooth port name that _Subsurface_ needs in order to communicate with the dive computer. The appropriate port name must be selected. Consult *Appendix A* and *Appendix B* for technical details on how to find the appropriate port information for a particular dive computer and, in some cases, how to do the correct settings to the operating system of the computer on which _Subsurface_ is running. - If all the dives on the dive computer need to be downloaded, check the checkbox _Force download of all dives_. Normally, _Subsurface_ only downloads dives after the date-time of the last dive in the *Dive List* panel. If one or more of your dives in _Subsurface_ have been accidentally deleted or if there are older dives that still need to be downloaded from the dive computer, this checkbox needs to be activated. Some dive computers (e.g. Mares Puck) do not provide a contents list to _Subsurface_ before the download in order to select only new dives. Consequently, for these dive computers, all dives are downloaded irrespective of the status of this check box. - If the checkbox _Always prefer downloaded dives_ has been checked and, during download, dives with identical date-times exist on the dive computer and on the _Subsurface_ *Dive List* panel, the record in the _Subsurface_ divelog will be overwritten by the record from the dive computer - Do *not* check the checkboxes labeled _Save libdivecomputer logfile_ and _Save libdivecomputer dumpfile_. These are only used as diagnostic tools when problems with downloads are experienced (see below). - The _OK_ button must then be clicked. Dialogue *B* in the figure above appears. - With communication established, one can see how the data are retrieved from the dive computer. Depending on the make of the dive computer and/or number of recorded dives, this could take some time. The user should be patient. The _Download_ dialogue shows a progress bar at the bottom of the dialogue (for some dive computers the progress information could be inaccurate as we cannot determine how much downloadable data there is until all data have been downloaded). When the download of the dive information is complete, all the imported dives appear in the *Dive List*, sorted by date and time. Disconnect and switch off the dive computer to conserve its battery power. If a particular dive is selected, the *Dive Profile* panel shows an informative graph of dive depth against time for that particular dive. - If there is a problem in communicating with the dive computer, an error message will be shown, similar to this text: "Unable to open /dev/ttyUSB0 Mares (Puck Pro)". Refer to the text in the box below. **** *PROBLEMS WITH DATA DOWNLOAD FROM A DIVE COMPUTER?* [icon="images/icons/important.png"] [IMPORTANT] Check the following: 1) Is the dive computer still in PC-communication or Upload mode? 2) Is the battery of the dive computer fully charged? If not then the battery must be charged or replaced. 3) Is the connecting cable faulty? Does the cable work perfectly using other software? Has it worked before, or is this the first time the cable is being used? 4) Consult *Appendix A* and make sure that the correct Mount Point was specified (see above). 5) On Unix-like operating systems, does the user have write permission to the USB port? If not, consult *Appendix A*. If the _Subsurface_ computer does not recognise the USB adaptor by showing an appropriate device name next to the Mount Point, then there is a possibility that the cable or USB adaptor is faulty. A faulty cable is the most common cause of communication failure between dive computer and _Subsurface_ computer. It is also possible that the _Subsurface_ computer cannot interpret the data. Perform a download for diagnostic purposes with the following two check boxes checked in the download dialogue discussed above: Save libdivecomputer logfile Save libdivecomputer dumpfile *Important*: These check boxes are only used when problems are encountered during the download process: under normal circumstances they should not be checked. When checking these boxes, the user is prompted to select a folder to save the information to. The default folder is the one in which the _Subsurface_ dive log is kept. *Important:* _After downloading with the above checkboxes checked, no dives are added to the *Dive List* but two files are created in the folder selected above_: subsurface.log subsurface.bin These files should be send to the _Subsurface_ mail list: _subsurface@hohndel.org_ with a request for the files to be analysed. Provide the dive computer make and model as well as contextual information about the dives recorded on the dive computer. **** [[S_EditDiveInfo]] ==== Updating the dive information imported from the dive computer. The information from the dive computer is not complete and more details must be added in order to have a more full record of the dives. To do this, the *Dive Notes* and the *Equipment* tabs on the top left hand of the _Subsurface_ window should be used. ==== Dive Notes The date and time of the dive, gas mixture and (often) water temperature is shown as obtained from the dive computer, but the user needs to add some additional information by hand in order to have a more complete dive record. The message in a blue box at the top of the panel indicates that the dive is being edited. If the user clicks on the *Dive Notes* tab, the following fields are visible: image::images/AddDive3.jpg["FIGURE: The Dive Notes tab",align="center"] The *Start time* field reflects the date and the time of the dive, as supplied by the dive computer. It should therefore not be necessary to edit this, but one could make changes by clicking the down-arrow on the right of that field to display a calendar from which the correct date can be chosen. The hour and minutes values can also be edited by clicking on each of them in the text box and by overtyping the information displayed. *Air/water temperatures*: Air and water temperatures during the dive are shown in these fields to the right of the Start time. Many dive computers supply water temperature information and this field may therefore not require further editing. If editing is required, only a value is required. The units of temperature will be automatically supplied by _Subsurface_ (according to the _Preferences_, metric or imperial units will be used). *Location*: In this field one should type in text that describes the site where the dive was performed, e.g. "Tihany, Lake Balaton, Hungary". Auto completion of location names will make this easier when a user frequently dives at the same sites. *Coordinates*: The geographic coordinates of the dive site should be entered here. These can come from three sources: a. The user can find the coordinates on the world map in the bottom right hand part of the Subsurface window. The map displays a green bar indicating "Move the map and double-click to set the dive location". Double-click at the appropriate place, the green bar disappears and the coordinates are stored. b. The user can obtain the coordinates from the _Subsurface_ Companion app if an Android device with GPS was used and the if the coordinates of the dive site were stored using that device. xref:S_Companion[Click here for more information] c. The coordinates can be entered by hand if they are known, using one of four formats with latitude followed by longitude: ISO 6709 Annex D format e.g. 30°13'28.9"N 30°49'1.5"E Degrees and decimal minutes, e.g. N30° 13.49760' , E30° 49.30788' Degrees minutes seconds, e.g. N30° 13' 29.8" , E30° 49' 1.5" Decimal degrees, e.g. 30.22496 , 30.821798 Southern hemisphere latitudes are given with a *S*, e.g. S30°, or with a negative value, e.g. -30.22496. Similarly, western longitudes are given with a *W*, e.g. W07°, or with a negative value, e.g. -7.34323. *Divemaster*: The name of the dive master or dive guide for this dive should be entered in this field which offers auto completion based on the list of dive masters in the current logbook. *Buddy*: In this field, one enters the name(s) of the buddy / buddies (separated with commas) who accompanied him/her on the dive. Auto completion based on the list of buddies in the current logbook is offered. *Suit*: Here the type of diving suit used for the dive can be entered. Auto completion of the suit description is available. *Rating*: One can provide a subjective overall rating of the dive on a 5-point scale by clicking the appropriate star on the rating scale. *Visibility*: Similarly, one can provide a rating of visibility during the dive on a 5-point scale by clicking the appropriate star. *Tags*: Tags that describe the type of dive performed can be entered here (separated by commas). Examples of common tags are boat, drift, training, cave, etc. _Subsurface_ has many built-in tags. If the user starts typing a tag, the program will list the tags that correspond to the typing. For instance, if the user typed +cav+, then the tags *cave* and *cavern* are shown for the user to choose from. *Notes*: Any additional information for the dive can be entered here. The *Save* and *Cancel* buttons are used to save all the information for tabs in the info panel and in the dive profile panel, so there's no need to use them until ALL other information has been added. Here is an example of a completed Dive Notes panel: image::images/CompletedDiveInfo.jpg["FIGURE: A completed Dive Notes tab",align="center"] ==== Equipment The Equipment tab allows one to enter information about the type of cylinder and gas used as well as the weights used for the dive. The message in a blue box at the top of the panel: image::images/BlueEditBar.jpg["FIGURE: Blue edit bar",align="center"] indicates that the dive is being edited.This is a highly interactive part of _Subsurface_ and the information on cylinders and gases (entered here) determines the behaviour of the dive profile (top right-hand panel). *Cylinders*: The cylinder information is entered through a dialogue that looks like this: image::images/CylinderDataEntry1.jpg["FIGURE: Initial cylinder dialogue",align="center"] In most cases _Subsurface_ obtains the gas used from the dive computer and automatically inserts the gas composition(% oxygen) in the table. The + button at the top right allows the user to add more cylinders for this dive. The dark dustbin icon on the left allows the deletion of information for a cylinder. The user should start by selecting a cylinder type on the left-hand side of the table. To select a cylinder, the *cylinder type* box should be clicked. This brings up a list button that can be used to display a dropdown list of cylinders: image::images/CylinderDataEntry2.jpg["FIGURE: The cylinder drop-down list button",align="center"] The drop-down list can then be used to select the cylinder type that was used for this dive or the user may start typing in the box which shows the available options for the entered characters. The *Size* of the cylinder as well as its working pressure (*WorkPress*) will automatically be shown in the dialogue. Next one must indicate the starting pressure and the ending pressure of the specified gas during the dive. The unit of pressure (metric/imperial) corresponds to the settings chosen in the _Preferences_. Finally, the user must provide the gas mixture used. If air was used, the value of 21% can be entered or this field can be left blank. If nitrox or trimix were used, their percentages of oxygen and/or helium should be entered. Any inappropriate fields should be left empty. After typing the information for the cylinder, either press _ENTER_ on the keyboard or click outside the cell that contains the cursor. Information for any additional cylinders can be added by using the + button at the top right hand. Following is an example of a complete description for a dive using two cylinders (air and EAN50): image::images/CylinderDataEntry3.jpg["FIGURE: a completed cylinder dive information table",align="center"] *Weights*: Information about the weight system used can be entered using a dialogue very similar to that of the cylinder information. If one clicks the + button on the top right of the weights dialogue, the table looks like this: image::images/WeightsDataEntry1.jpg["FIGURE:The Weights dialogue",align="center"] By clicking on the *Type* field, a drop-down list becomes accessible through a down-arrow: image::images/WeightsDataEntry2.jpg["FIGURE:Weights type drop-down list button",align="center"] The drop-down list can then be used to select the type of weight system used during the dive or the user may start typing in the box which shows the available options for the entered characters. In the *Weight* field, type in the amount of weight used during the dive. After specifying the weight system, the user can either press _ENTER_ on the keyboard or click outside the cell with the cursor. It is possible to enter information for more than one weight system by adding an additional system using the + button on the top right hand. Weight systems can be deleted using the dustbin icon on the left hand. Here is an example of information for a dive with two types of weights: integrated as well as a weight belt: image::images/WeightsDataEntry3.jpg["FIGURE: A completed weights information table",align="center"] ==== Saving the updated dive information The information entered in the *Dive Notes* tab and the *Equipment* tab can be saved by using the two buttons on the top right hand of the *Dive Notes* tab. If the _Save_ button is clicked, the dive data are saved. If the _Cancel_ button is clicked, then the newly entered dive data are deleted, although the dive profile obtained from the dive computer will be retained. When the user exits _Subsurface_ there is a final prompt to confirm that the new data should be saved. === Importing dive information from other digital data sources or other data formats [[S_ImportingAlienDiveLogs]] If a user has been diving for some time, it is possible that several dives were logged using other dive log software. This information does not need retyping because these divelogs can probably be imported onto _Subsurface_. _Subsurface_ will import divelogs from a range of other dive log software. While some software is supported natively, for others the user has to export the logbook(s) to an intermediate format so that they can then be imported by _Subsurface_. Currently, _Subsurface_ supports importing CSV log files from several sources. APD LogViewer, XP5 and Sensus files are preconfigured, but because the import is flexible, users can configure their own imports. Manually kept log files (e.g. in spreadsheet) can also be imported by configuring the CSV import. _Subsurface_ can also import UDDF and UDCF files used by some divelog software and some divecomputers, like the Heinrichs & Weikamp DR5. Finally, for some divelog software like Mares Dive Organiser it is currently suggested to import the logbooks first into a webservice like _divelogs.de_ and then import them from there with _Subsurface_, as divelogs.de supports a few additional logbook formats that _Subsurface_ currently cannot parse. When importing dives, _Subsurface_ tries to detect multiple records for the same dive and merges the information as best as it can. If there are no time zone issues (or other reasons that would cause the beginning time of the dives to be significantly different) _Subsurface_ will not create duplicate entries. ==== Using the universal import dialogue [[Unified_import]] Importing dives from other software is performed through a universal interface that is activated by selecting _Import_ from the Main Menu, then clicking on _Import Log Files_. This brings up the dialogue *A* below. image::images/Import1.jpg["FIGURE: Import dialogue: step 1",align="center"] Towards the bottom right is a dropdown selector with a default label of _Dive Log Files_ which gives access to the different types of direct imports available, as in dialogue *B*, above. Currently these are: - XML-formatted dive logs (Divinglog 5.0, MacDive and several other dive log systems) - UDDF-formatted dive logs (e.g. Kenozoooid) - UDCF-formatted dive logs - JDiveLog - Suunto Dive Manager (DM3 and DM4) - CSV (text-based and spreadsheet-based) dive logs. Selecting the appropriate file in the file list of the dialogue opens the imported dive log in the _Subsurface_ *Dive List*. Some other formats, not accessible through the Import dialogue are also supported, as explained below. ==== Importing from Mares Dive Organiser V2.1 Since Mares utilise proprietory Microsoft software not compatible with multi-platform applications, these dive logs cannot be directly imported into _Subsurface_. Mares dive logs need to be imported using a three-step process, using _www.divelogs.de_ as a mechanism to extract the dive log information. - The dive log data from Mares Dive Organiser need to be exported to the user's desktop, using a _.sdf_ file name extension. Refer to xref:Mares_Export[Appendix C] for more information. - Data should then be imported into _www.divelogs.de_. One needs to create a user account in _www.divelogs.de_, log into that web site, then select _Import Logbook -> Dive Organiser_ from the menu on the left hand side. The instructions must be carefully followed to transfer the dive information (in _.sdf_ format) from the Dive Organiser data base to _www.divelogs.de_. - Finally, import the dives from _divelogs.de_ to _Subsurface_, using the instructions below. [[S_ImportingDivelogsDe]] ==== Importing dives from *divelogs.de* The import of dive information from _divelogs.de_ is simple, using a single dialogue box. The _Import->Import form Divelogs.de_ option should be selected from the Main Menu. This brings up a dialogue box (see figure on left [*A*] below). Enter a user-ID and password for _divelogs.de_ into the appropriate fields and then select the _Download_ button. Download from _divelogs.de_ starts immediately, displaying a progress bar in the dialogue box. At the end of the download, the success status is indicated (see figure on the right [*B*], below). The _Apply_ button should then be selected, after which the imported dives appear in the _Subsurface_ *Dive List* panel. image::images/Divelogs1.jpg["FIGURE:Download from Divelogs.de",align="center"] [[S_ImportingCSV]] ==== Importing dives in CSV format Sometimes dive computers export dive information as files with _comma-separated values_ (.CSV). For example, the APD Inspiration and Evolution closed circuit rebreather (CCR) systems export dive information in a CSV formatted file that normally contains information for a single dive only. These files can easily be imported into _Subsurface_. CSV files are normally organised into a single line that provides the headers of the data columns, followed by the data, one record per line. CSV files can be opened with a normal text editor. Following is a highly simplified and shortened example of a CSV file from an APD rebreather: Dive Time (s) Depth (m) PPO2 - Setpoint (Bar) PPO2 - C1 Cell 1 (Bar) Ambient temp. (Celsius) 0 0.0 0.70 0.81 13.1 0 1.2 0.70 0.71 13.1 0 0.0 0.70 0.71 13.1 0 1.2 0.70 0.71 13.2 0 1.2 0.70 0.71 13.1 10 1.6 0.70 0.72 12.7 20 1.6 0.70 0.71 12.6 30 1.7 0.70 0.71 12.6 40 1.8 0.70 0.68 12.5 50 1.6 0.70 0.68 12.5 60 2.4 0.70 0.69 12.5 70 3.5 0.70 0.69 12.4 80 4.2 0.70 0.72 12.5 90 4.0 0.70 0.71 12.4 Note that each title may comprise more than one word; for instance 'Dive Time (s)' in the above data example. Before being able to import the data to _Subsurface_ one first needs to know: a. Which character separates the different columns within a single line of data? This field separator should be either a comma (,) or a TAB character. This can be determined by opening the file with a text editor. If it is comma-delimited, then the comma characters between the values are clearly visible. If no commas are evident and the numbers are aligned in columns, the file is probably TAB-delimited (i.e. it uses a TAB as a field separator, as in the above example). b. Which data columns need to be imported into _Subsurface_? The Dive Time and Depth columns are always required. Open the file using a text editor and note the titles of the columns to be imported and their column positions. For instance for the above example: Time: column 1 Depth: column 2 Temperature: column 5 ppO2: column 4 Armed with this information, importing the data into _Subsurface_ is straightforward. Select _Import->Import Log Files_ from the main menu. In the resulting file selection menu, select _CSV files_, after which a common configuration dialog appears for all the files with a CSV extension: image::images/Import_CSV1.jpg["FIGURE: CSV download dialogue",align="center"] There are pre-configured definitions for some dive computers, e.g. the APD rebreathers. If the user's dive computer is on this list, it should be selected using the dropdown box labeled _Pre-configured imports_. Finally _OK_ should be clicked and the dive will be imported and listed in the *Dive List* tab of _Subsurface_. If the dive computer is not on the pre-configured list, the user must select the _Field Separator_ (TAB or comma) for the particular CSV file, using the appropriate dropdown list. and indicate which columns in the CSV file contain which data variables. For each data column used for import, the user must check the appropriate check box and indicate in which column these data are found. For instance, the image above corresponds to the dialogue that would apply to the CSV data set described above the image. After completing the column specification, select the _OK_ button and the dive will be imported and listed in the *Dive List* tab of _Subsurface_. [[S_ImportingManualCSV]] ==== Importing dives from manually kept CSV file If one keeps dive logs in a spreadsheet, there is an option to import those dives as well. Spreadsheet data, exported as a CSV file, can be imported to _Subsurface_. When importing manually kept log files, the information needed is quite different as we are importing only metadata, not profile samples. Similarly to importing dives in CSV format (see above), one needs to know the internal format of the CSV data to import. a. Which character separates the different columns within a single line of data? This should be either a comma (,), semicolon (;) or a TAB character, and could be determined by opening the file with a text editor. If it is comma-delimited, then the comma characters between the values are clearly visible. If no commas are evident and the data are in clear columns, the file is probably TAB-delimited (i.e. it uses a TAB as a field separator, as in the above example). A recommended field separator for the export is tab, as commas might be part of the field values themselves. Therefore the use of an appropriate field separator in very important. b. Which columns need to be imported into _Subsurface_? We do not currently have any mandatory input fields, but some, e.g. dive duration are crucial for the log file to make any sense. Possible options can be seen in the image below and one should include all the fields available in both your log file and in the _Subsurface_ import. c. Units used for depth, weight and temperature. We consider depth to be either feet or meters, weight kilograms or pounds and temperature either Celsius or Fahrenheit. However, the users can select _Metric_ or _Imperial_ in the _Preferences_ tab of _Subsurface_. No mixture of unit systems is allowed for the different fields. Importing manually kept CSV log files is quite straight forward, but there might be many fields and counting the field numbers is error prone. Therefore validation of the data to be imported is critical. To import the dives, select _Import->Import Log Files_ from the menu bar. If the CSV option in the dropdown list is selected and the file list includes file names ending with .CSV, one can select the _Manual dives_ tab that will bring up the following configuration dialog: image::images/Import_CSV2.jpg["FIGURE: Download dialog for Manual CSV logs",align="center"] The input fields can be configured as appropriate, and when everything is done the _OK_ button should be selected to perform the import. New dives should appear in the *Dive List* area of _Subsurface_. [[S_Companion]] === Importing GPS coordinates with the *Subsurface Companion App* for mobile phones If the user has an Android device with GPS, the coordinates for the diving location can be obtained and automatically passed to the _Subsurface_ divelog. This takes place when the Companion App stores the dive locations on a dedicated Internet-based file server. _Subsurface_, in turn, can collect the localities from the file server. To do this, one needs to: - Register on the http://api.hohndel.org/login/[Subsurface companion web page]. A confirmation mail with instructions and a personal *DIVERID* will be send together with a long number that gives access to the file server and Companion App capabilities. - Download the app from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.subsurface[Google Play Store] or from http://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdfilter=subsurface&fdid=org.subsurface[F-Droid]. ==== Using the Subsurface companion app on a smartphone On first use the app has three options: * _Create a new account._ Equivalent to registering in _Subsurface_ companion page. * _Retrieve an account._ If users forgot their DIVERID they will receive an email to recover the number. * _Use an existing account._ Users are prompted for their DIVERID. The app saves this DIVERID and does not ask for it again unless one uses the _Disconnect_ menu option (see below). Now one is ready to get a dive position and send it to the server. The Android display will look like the left hand image (*A*) below, but without any dive. Touch the "+" icon on the top right to add a new dive site. Users will be prompted for a place name (or asked to activate the GPS if it is turned off). The main screen shows a list of dive locations, each with a name, date and time. Some dives may have an arrow-up icon on the selection box to the left (see image B in the middle, below) indicating that they require upload to the server. There are several ways to send dives to the server; the easiest is by simply selecting the dive. See middle image below (*B*): image::images/Companion.jpg["FIGURE: Screen shots (A-C) of companion app",align="center"] Touching the right arrow will send it to the server. [icon="images/icons/important.png"] [IMPORTANT] Users must be careful, as the trash icon on the right means exactly what it is supposed to mean, it deletes the dive location(s). The new dive points are now stored on the server and can be downloaded to the _Subsurface_ dive log whenever users upload or add dives to _Subsurface_. After a dive trip using the Companion app, all dive locations are ready to be saved on a _Subsurface_ dive log (see below). ===== Settings on the Companion app Selecting the _Settings_ menu option results in the right hand image above (*C*). ===== Server and account - _Web-service URL._ This is predefined (http://api.hohndel.org/) - _User ID._ Obtained by registering as indicated above. The easiest way to obtain it is simply to copy and paste from the confirmation mail but, of course, users can also type this information. ===== Synchronization - _Synchronize on startup._ If selected, dives in the Android device and those on the web service will synchronize each time the app is started. - _Upload new dives._ If selected, each time the user adds a dive location it will automatically be sent to the server. ===== Background service Instead of entering a unique dive location, users can leave the service running in the background of their device, thus allowing the continuous collection of GPS locations. The settings below define the behaviour of the service: - _Min duration._ In minutes. The app will try to get a position each X minutes until it's stopped by the user. - _Min distance._ In meters. Minimum distance between two position fixes. - _Name template._ The name the app will use when saving the position fixes. [icon="images/icons/info.jpg"] [TIP] _How does the background service work?_ Assuming that the user set 5 minutes and 50 meters in the settings above, the app will start by taking a fix at the current location, followed by another one at every 5 minutes. If this 2nd (3rd, 4th ...) location is within a radius of 50 meters from the previous one, then this new fix is not saved. If the user is not moving, only one fix is saved, but if the user is moving, then a trace of the journey is obtained, by saving each new position at every 5 minutes. ===== Other - _Mailing List._ The mail box for _Subsurface_. Users can send an email to the Subsurface mailing list. - _Subsurface website._ A link to the URL of Subsurface web - _Version._ Displays the current version of the companion app. ===== Search Here one can search one's saved dive locations by the name or by date and hour. ===== Start service Initiates the _background service_ depending on the previously defined settings. ===== Disconnect This is a badly named option. It disconnects the app from the server by resetting the user ID in the app, showing the first screen where an account can be created, retrieve the ID for an existing account or use the users own ID. The disconnect option is useful if a user's Android device was used to download the dive positions of another registered diver. ===== Send all locations This option sends all locations stored in the Android device to the server. ==== Downloading dive locations to the _Subsurface_ divelog Download dive(s) from a dive computer or enter them manually into _Subsurface_ before obtaining the GPS coordinates from the server. The download dialog can be reached via _Ctrl+G_ or from the _Subsurface_ Main Menu _Import -> Import GPS data from Subsurface Service_, resulting in the image on the left (*A*), below. On first use the DIVERID text box will be blank. Users must provide their DIVERID and then select the _Download_ button to initiate the download process. When this is completed, users will see the screen on the right (*B*), below: image::images/DownloadGPS.jpg["FIGURE: Downloading Companion app GPS data",align="center"] Note that the _Apply_ button is now active. By clicking on it, users can update the locations of the newly entered or uploaded dives in _Subsurface_ which applies the coordinates and names entered on the app for all the new dives that match the date-times of the uploaded GPS localities. [icon="images/icons/info.jpg"] [NOTE] _Features, issues and tips._ Since _Subsurface_ matches GPS locations from the Android device and dive information from the dive computer based on date-time data, automatic assignment of GPS data to dives is dependent on agreement of date and time between these two devices. If there is a large difference between the time in the dive computer and the time in the Android device, _Subsurface_ is unable to identify the dive matching a location and nothing happens. Similar date-times may be not always be possible. A dirty hack is manually editing the date-time of a dive in Subsurface's Dive List _before_ downloading the GPS data and then to edit the date-time back again _after_ downloading GPS data. == Obtaining more information about dives entered into the logbook === The *Dive Info* tab (for individual dives) The Dive Info tab gives some summary information about a particular dive that has been selected in the *Dive List*. Useful information here includes the surface interval before the dive, the maximum and mean depths of the dive, the gas volume consumed, the surface air consumption (SAC) and the number of oxygen toxicity units (OTU) incurred. [icon="images/icons/info.jpg"] [NOTE] Gas consumption and SAC calculations: _Subsurface_ calculates SAC and Gas consumption taking in account gas incompressibility, particularly at tank pressures above 200 bar, making them more accurate. Users should refer to xref:SAC_CALCULATION[Appendix D] for more information. === The *Stats* tab (for groups of dives) The Stats tab gives summary statistics for more than one dive, assuming that more than one dive have been selected in the *Dive List* using the standard Ctrl-click or Shift-click of the mouse. If only one dive has been selected, figures pertaining to only that dive are given. This tab shows the number of dives selected, the total amount of dive time in these dives, as well as the minimum, maximum and mean for the dive duration, dive depth, water temperature and surface air consumption (SAC). [[S_DiveProfile]] === The *Dive Profile* image::images/Profile2.png["Typical dive profile",align="center"] Of all the panels in _Subsurface_, the Dive Profile contains the most detailed information about each dive. The Dive Profile has a *button bar* on the left hand side that allows control over several display options. The functions of these buttons are described below. The main item in the Dive Profile is the graph of dive depth as a function of time. In addition to the obvious information of the depth it also shows the ascent and descent rates compared to the recommended speed of going up or down in the water column. This information is given using different colours: |==================== |*Colour*|*Descent speed (m/min)*|*Ascent speed (m/min)* |Red|> 30|> 18 |Orange|18 - 30|9 - 18 |Yellow|9 - 18|4 - 9 |Light green|1.5 - 9|1.5 - 4 |Dark green|< 1.5|< 1.5 |===================== The profile also includes depth readings for the peaks and troughs in the graph. Thus, users should see the depth of the deepest point and other peaks. Mean depth is marked with a horizontal red line. [icon="images/icons/scale.jpg"] [NOTE] In some cases the dive profile does not fill the whole area of the *Dive Profile* panel. Clicking the *Scale* button in the toolbar on the left of the dive profile frequently increases the size of the dive profile to fill the area of the panel efficiently. *Water temperature* is displayed with its own blue line with temperature values placed adjacent to significant changes. The dive profile can include graphs of the *partial pressures* of O2, N2, and He during the dive (see figure above) as well as a calculated and dive computer reported deco ceilings (only visible for deep, long, or repetitive dives). Partial pressures of oxygen are indicated in green, those of nitrogen in black, and those of helium in dark red. These partial pressure graphs are shown below the profile data. [icon="images/icons/O2.jpg"] [NOTE] Clicking this button allows display of the partial pressure of *oxygen* during the dive. This is depicted below the dive depth and water temperature graphs. [icon="images/icons/N2.jpg"] [NOTE] Clicking this button allows display of the partial pressure of *nitrogen* during the dive. [icon="images/icons/He.jpg"] [NOTE] Clicking this button allows display of the partial pressure of *helium* during the dive. This is only of importance to divers using Trimix, Helitrox or similar breathing gasses. The *air consumption* graph displays the tank pressure and its change during the dive. The air consumption takes depth into account so that even when manually entering the start and end pressures the graph is not a straight line. Similarly to the depth graph the slope of the tank pressure gives the user information about the momentary SAC rate (Surface Air Consumption) when using an air integrated dive computer. Here the colour coding is not relative to some absolute values but relative to the average normalised air consumption during the dive. So areas that are red or orange indicate times of increased normalized air consumption while dark green reflects times when the diver was using less gas than average. The colour coding is obviously only possible when a tank sensor is connected and tank pressure readings during the dive are available. It is possible to *zoom* into the profile graph. This is done either by using the scroll wheel / scroll gesture of your mouse or trackpad. By default _Subsurface_ always shows a profile area large enough for at least 30 minutes and 30m (100ft) – this way short or shallow dives are intuitively recognizable; something that free divers clearly won’t care about. image::images/MeasuringBar.png["FIGURE: Measuring Bar",align="center"] [icon="images/icons/ruler.jpg"] [NOTE] Measurements of *depth or time differences* can be achieved by using the *ruler button* on the left of the dive profile panel. The measurement is done by dragging the red dots to the two points on the dive profile that the user wishes to measure. Information is then given in the horizontal white area underneath the two red dots. The profile can also include the dive computer reported *ceiling* (more precisely, the deepest deco stop that the dive computer calculated for each particular moment in time) as a red overlay on the dive profile. Ascent ceilings arise when a direct ascent to the surface increases the risk of a diver suffering from decompression sickness (DCS) and it is necessary to either ascend slower or to perform decompression stop(s) before ascending to the surface. Not all dive computers record this information and make it available for download; for example all of the Suunto dive computers fail to make this very useful data available to divelog software. _Subsurface_ also calculates ceilings independently, shown as a green overlay on the dive profile. Because of the differences in algorithms used and amount of data available (and other factors taken into consideration at the time of the calculation) it is unlikely that ceilings from dive computers and from _Subsurface_ are the same, even if the same algorithm and _gradient factors_ (see below) are used. It is also quite common that _Subsurface_ calculates a ceiling for non-decompression dives when the dive computer stayed in non-deco mode during the whole dive (represented by the [green]#dark green# section in the profile at the beginning of this section). This is caused by the fact that _Subsurface’s_ calculations describe the deco obligation at each moment during a dive, while dive computers usually take the upcoming ascent into account. During the ascent some excess nitrogen (and possibly helium) are already breathed off so even though the diver technically encountered a ceiling at depth, the dive still does not require an explicit deco stop. This feature allows dive computers to offer longer non-stop bottom times. [icon="images/icons/cceiling.jpg"] [NOTE] If the dive computer itself calculates a ceiling and makes it available to _Subsurface_ during upload of dives, this can be shown as a red area by checking *Dive computer reported ceiling* button on the Profile Panel. [icon="images/icons/ceiling1.jpg"] [NOTE] If the *Calculated ceiling* button on the Profile Panel is clicked, then a ceiling, calculated by _Subsurface_, is shown in green if it exists for a particular dive (*A* in figure below). This setting can be modified in two ways: [icon="images/icons/ceiling2.jpg"] [NOTE] If, in addition, the *show all tissues* button on the Profile Panel is clicked, the ceiling is shown for the tissue compartments following the Bühlmann model (*B* in figure below). [icon="images/icons/ceiling3.jpg"] [NOTE] If, in addition, the *3m increments* button on the Profile Panel is clicked, then the ceiling is indicated in 3 m increments (*C* in figure below). image::images/Ceilings2.jpg["Figure: Ceiling with 3m resolution",align="center"] Gradient Factor settings strongly affect the calculated ceilings and their depths. For more information about Gradient factors, see the section on xref:S_GradientFactors[Gradient Factor Preference settings]. The currently used gradient factors (e.g. GF 35/75) are shown above the depth profile if the appropriate toolbar buttons are activated. *N.B.:* The indicated gradient factors are NOT the gradient factors in use by the dive computer, but those used by _Subsurface_ to calculate deco obligations during the dive. For more information external to this manual see: ** http://www.tek-dive.com/portal/upload/M-Values.pdf[Understanding M-values by Erik Baker, _Immersed_ Vol. 3, No. 3.] ** link:http://www.rebreatherworld.com/general-and-new-to-rebreather-articles/5037-gradient-factors-for-dummies.html[Gradient factors for dummies, by Kevin Watts] === The Dive Profile context menu The context menu for the Dive Profile is accessed by right-clicking while the mouse cursor is over the Dive Profile panel. The menu allows the creation of Bookmarks or Gas Change Event markers other than the ones that might have been imported from a Dive Computer. Markers are placed against the depth profile line and with the time of the event set by where the mouse cursor was when the right mouse button was initially clicked to bring up the menu. Gas Change events open a further selection of which gas is being switched to, the list based on the available gases defined in the Equipment Tab. By right-clicking while over an existing marker, the menu extends adding options to allow deletion of the marker or to allow all markers of that type to be hidden. Hidden events can be restored to view by selecting Unhide all events from the context menu. === The *Information Box* The Information box displays a large range of information pertaining to the dive profile. Normally the Information Box is located to the top left of the *Dive Profile* panel. If the mouse points outside of the *Dive Profile* panel, then only the top line of the Information Box is visible (see left-hand part of figure (*A*) below). The Information Box can be moved around in the *Dive Profile* panel by click-dragging it with the mouse so that it is not obstructing important detail. The position of the Information Box is saved and used again during subsequent dive analyses. image::images/InfoBox2.jpg["Figure: Information Box",align="center"] The moment the mouse points inside the *Dive Profile* panel, the information box expands and shows many data items. In this situation, the data reflect the time point along the dive profile indicated by the mouse cursor (see right-hand part of figure (*B*) above where the Information Box reflects the situation at the position of the cursor [arrow] in that image). Therefore, moving the cursor in the horizontal direction allows the Information Box to show information for any point along the dive profile. In this mode, the Information Box gives extensive statistics about depth, gas and ceiling characteristics of the particular dive. These include: Time period into the dive (indicated by a @), depth, cylinder pressure (P), temperature, ascent/descent rate, surface air consumption (SAC), oxygen partial pressure, maximum operating depth, equivalent air depth (EAD), equivalent narcotic depth (END), equivalent air density depth (EADD), decompression requirements at that instant in time (Deco), time to surface (TTS), the calculated ceiling, as well as the calculated ceiling for several Bühlmann tissue compartments. The user has control over the display of several statstics, represented as four buttons on the left of the profile panel. These are: [icon="images/icons/MOD.jpg"] [NOTE] Clicking this button causes the Information Box to display the *Maximum Operating Depth (MOD)* of the dive, given the gas mixture used. MOD is dependent on the oxygen concentration in the breathing gas. For air (21% oxygen) it is around 57 m. Below the MOD there is a markedly increased risk of exposure to the dangers associated with oxygen toxicity. [icon="images/icons/NDL.jpg"] [NOTE] Clicking this button causes the Information Box to display the *No-deco Limit (NDL)* or the *Total Time to Surface (TTS)*. NDL is the time duration that a diver can continue with a dive, given the present depth, that does not require decompression (that is, before an ascent ceiling appears). Once one has exceeded the NDL and decompression is required (that is, there is an ascent ceiling above the diver, then TTS gives the number of minutes required before the diver can surface. TTS includes ascent time as well as decompression time. [icon="images/icons/SAC.jpg"] [NOTE] Clicking this button causes the Information Box to display the *Surface Air Consumption (SAC)*. SAC is an indication of the surface-normalised respiration rate of a diver. The value of SAC is less than the real respiration rate because a diver at 10m uses breathing gas at a rate roughly double that of the equivalent rate at the surface. SAC gives an indication of breathing gas consumption rate independent of the depth of the dive so that the respiratory rates of different dives can be compared. The units for SAC is litres/min or cub ft/min. [icon="images/icons/EAD.jpg"] [NOTE] Clicking this button displays the *Equivalent Air Depth (EAD)* for nitrox dives as well as the *Equivalent Narcotic Depth (END)* for trimix dives. These are numbers of importance to divers who use breathing gases other than air. Their values are dependent on the composition of the breathing gas. The EAD is the depth of a hypothetical air dive that has the same partial pressure of nitrogen as the current depth of the nitrox dive at hand. A nitrox dive leads to the same decompression obligation as an air dive to the depth equalling the EAD. The END is the depth of a hypothetical air dive that has the same sum of partial pressures of the narcotic gases nitrogen and oxygen as the current trimix dive. A trimix diver can expect the same narcotic effect as a diver breathing air diving at a depth equalling the END. Figure (*B*) above shows an information box with a nearly complete set of data. == Organising the logbook (Manipulating groups of dives) === The Dive List context menu Many actions within _Subsurface_ are dependent on a context menu used mostly to manipulate groups of dives. The context menu is found by selecting a dive or a group of dives and then right-clicking. image::images/ContextMenu.jpg["Figure: Context Menu",align="center"] The context menu is used in many manipulations described below. [[S_Renumber]] === Renumbering the dives Dives are normally numbered incrementally from non-recent dives (low sequence numbers) to recent dives (having the highest sequence numbers). The numbering of the dives is not always consistent. For instance, when non-recent dives are added to the dive list the numbering does not automatically follow on because of the dives that are more recent in date/time than the newly-added dive with an older date/time. Therefore, one may sometimes need to renumber the dives. This is performed by selecting (from the Main Menu) _Log -> Renumber_. Users are given a choice with respect to the lowest sequence number to be used. Completing this operation results in new sequence numbers (based on date/time) for the dives in the *Dive List* panel. [[S_Group]] === Grouping dives into trips and manipulating trips For regular divers, the dive list can rapidly become very long. _Subsurface_ can group dives into _trips_. It performs this by grouping dives that have date/times that are not separated in time by more than two days, thus creating a single heading for each diving trip represented in the dive log. Below is an ungrouped dive list (*A*, on the left) as well as the corresponding grouped dive list comprising five dive trips (*B*, on the right): image::images/Group2.jpg["Figure: Grouping dives",align="center"] Grouping into trips allows a rapid way of accessing individual dives without having to scan a long lists of dives. In order to group the dives in a dive list, (from the Main Menu) users must select _Log -> Autogroup_. The *Dive List* panel now shows only the titles for the trips. ==== Editing the title and associated information for a particular trip Normally, in the dive list, minimal information is included in the trip title. More information about a trip can be added by selecting its trip title from the *Dive list*. This shows a *Trip Notes* tab in the *Dive Notes* panel. Here users can add or edit information about the date/time, the trip location and any other general comments about the trip as a whole (e.g. the dive company that was dived with, the general weather and surface conditions during the trip, etc.). After entering this information, users should select *Save* from the buttons at the top right of the *Trip Notes* tab. The trip title in the *Dive List* panel should now reflect some of the edited information. ==== Viewing the dives during a particular trip Once when the dives have been grouped into trips, users can expand one or more trips by clicking the arrow-head on the left of each trip title. This expands the selected trip, revealing the individual dives performed during the trip. ==== Collapsing or expanding dive information for different trips If a user right-clicks after selecting a particular trip in the dive list, the resulting context menu allows several possibilities to expand or collapse dives within trips. This includes expanding all trips, collapsing all trips and collapsing all trips except the selected one. ==== Merging dives from more than one trip into a single trip By right-clicking on a selected trip title in the *Dive List* panel, a context menu shows up that allows the merging of trips by either merging of the selected trip with the trip below or with the trip above. ==== Splitting a single trip into more than one trip If a trip includes five dives, the user can split this trip into two trips (trip 1: top 3 dives; trip 2: bottom 2 dives) by selecting and right-clicking the top three dives. The resulting context menu allows the user to create a new trip by choosing the option *Create new trip above*. The top three dives are then grouped into a separate trip. The figures bellow shows the selection and context menu on the left (A) and the completed action on the right (B): image::images/SplitDive3a.jpg["FIGURE: Split a trip into 2 trips",align="center"] === Manipulating single dives ==== Delete a dive from the dive log Dives can be permanently deleted from the dive log by selecting and right-clicking them to bring up the context menu, and then selecting *Delete dive(s)*. Typically this would apply to a case where a user wishes to delete workshop calibration dives of the dive computer or dives of extremely short duration. ==== Unlink a dive from a trip Users can unlink dives from the trip to which they belong. In order to do this, select and right-click the relevant dives to bring up the context menu. Then select the option *Remove dive(s) from trip*. The dive(s) now appear immediately above the trip to which they belonged. ==== Add a dive to the trip immediately above Selected dives can be moved from the trip to which they belong and placed within the trip immediately above the currently active trip. To do this, select and right-click the dive(s) to bring up the context menu, and then select *Add dive(s) to trip immediately above*. ==== Shift the start time of dive(s) Sometimes it is necessary to adjust the start time of a dive. This may apply to situations where dives are performed in different time zones or when the dive computer has an erroneous time. In order to do this, user must select and right-click the dive(s) to be adjusted. This action brings up the context menu on which the *Shift times* option should be selected. User must then specify the time (in hours and minutes) by which the dives should be adjusted and click on the option indicating whether the time adjustment should be forwards or backwards. ==== Merge dives into a single dive Sometimes a dive is briefly interrupted, e.g. if a diver returns to the surface for a few minutes, resulting in two or more dives being recorded by the dive computer and appearing as different dives in the *Dive List* panel. Users can merge these dives onto a single dive by selecting the appropriate dives, right-clicking them to bring up the context menu and then selecting *Merge selected dives*. It may be necessary to edit the dive information in the *Dive Notes* panel to reflect events or conditions that apply to the merged dive. The figure below shows the depth profile two such dives that were merged: image::images/MergedDive.png["Example: Merged dive",align="center"] [[S_ExportLog]] == Exporting the dive log or parts of the dive log A dive log can be saved in two formats: * _Subsurface_ XML format. This is the native format used by _Subsurface_. * Universal Dive Data format (UDDF). Refer to http://uddf.org for more information. UDDF is a generic format that enables communication among many dive computers and computer programs. In order to save the WHOLE dive log (i.e. all trips and dives), select *File* from the Main menu. To save in _Subsurface_ XML format, select _File -> Save as_. To save in UDDF format, select _File -> Export UDDF_. In order to save only one or more dives or one or two trips, select the appropriate dives or trips in the *Dive List* panel and then right-click the selected dives to bring up the context menu. To save in _Subsurface_ XML format, select _Save as_ from the context menu. To save in UDDF format, select _Export as UDDF_ from the context menu. Export to other formats can be achieved through third party facilities, for instance _www.divelogs.de_. [[S_PrintDivelog]] == Printing a dive log _Subsurface_ provides a simple interface to print a whole dive log or only a few selected dives, including dive profiles and other contextual information. Before printing, two decisions are required: - Should the whole dive log be printed or only part of it? If only part of the dive log is required, then the user must select the required dives from the *Dive List* panel. - What gas partial pressure information is required on the dive profile? Users should select the appropriate information from the Main Menu: _File->Preferences->Graph_. Now the print options should be selected to match the user's needs. To do this, user should select _File->Print_ from the Main menu. The following dialogue appears (see the image on the left [A], below). Under _Print type_ users need to select one of three options: - Print the Dive List: to do this, _Table Print_ should be selected. - Print the full dive records (dive profiles and all other information) at 6 dives per printed page: to do this, users should select _6 dives per page_. - Print the full dive records (dive profiles and all other information) at 2 dives per printed page: to do this, users should select _2 dives per page_. Under _Print options_ users need to select: - Printing only the dives that have been selected from the dive list prior to activating the print dialogue, achieved by checking the box _Print only selected dives_. - Printing in colour, achieved by checking the box with _Print in color_. The _Ordering_ affects the layout of the page (or part of it) for each dive. The dive profile could be printed at the top of each dive, with the textual information underneath, or it could be printed with the textual information at the top with the dive profile underneath. Users should select the appropriate option in the print dialogue. See the image on the right (*B*), above which has a layout with text above the dive profile. Users can _Preview_ the printed page by selecting the _Preview_ button on the dialogue. After preview, changes to the options in the print dialogue can be made, resulting in a layout that fits personal taste. image::images/PrintDiveLog.jpg["FIGURE: Print dialogue",align="center"] Next, select the _Print_ button in the dialogue. This activates the regular print dialogue used by the user operating system (image [*B*] in the middle, above), allowing them to choose a printer and to set its properties (image [*C*] on the right, above). It is important to set the print resolution of the printer to an appropriate value by changing the printer properties. Finally, users can print their dives. Below is a (rather small) example of the output for one particular page. image::images/Printpreview.jpg["FIGURE: Print preview page",align="center"] [[S_Preferences]] == Setting user _Preferences_ for _Subsurface_ There are several settings within _Subsurface_ that the users can specify. These are found when selecting _File->Preferences_. The settings are performed in four groups: *Defaults*, *Units*, *Graph* and *Language*. All four sections operate on the same principles: the user must specify the settings the are to be changed, then these changes are saved using the *Apply* button. After applying all the new settings users can then leave the settings panel by selecting *OK*. === Defaults There are four settings in the *Defaults* panel: image::images/Preferences1.jpg["FIGURE: Preferences defaults page",align="center"] ** *Lists and tables*: Here one can specify the font type and font size of the Dive Table panel. By decreasing the font size of the Dive table, users can see more dives on a screen. ** *Dives*: For the _Default Dive File_ one need to specify the directory and file name of one's electronic dive log book. This is a file with filename extension .xml. When launched, _Subsurface_ will then automatically load the specified dive log book. ** *Display invalid*: Dives can be marked as invalid (when a user wishes to hide dives that he/she don't consider valid dives, e.g. pool dives, but still want to keep them in the dive log). This controls whether those dives are displayed in the dive list. ** *Use Default cylinder*: Here users can specify the default cylinder listed in the *Equipment* tab of the *Dive Notes* panel. ** *Animations*: Some actions in showing the dive profile are performed using animations. For instance, the axis values for depth and time change from dive to dive. When viewing a different dive, these changes in axis characteristics do not happen instantaneously, but are animated. The _Speed_ of animations can be controlled by setting this slider with faster animation speed to the left, with a 0 value representing no animation at all. === Units image::images/Preferences2.jpg["FIGURE: Preferences Units page",align="center"] Here user can choose between metric and imperial units of depth, pressure, volume, temperature and mass. By selecting the Metric or Imperial radio button at the top, users can specify that all units are in the chosen measurement system. Alternatively, if one selects the *Personalise* radio button, units can be selected independently, with some units in the metric system and other in the imperial. === Graph image::images/Preferences3.jpg["FIGURE: Preferences Graph page",align="center"] [[S_GradientFactors]] This panel allows two type of selections: * *Show*: Here users can specify the amount of information shown as part of the dive profile: ** Gas pressure graphs: _Subsurface_ can display the nitrogen, oxygen and the helium partial pressures during the dive. These are enabled using the toolbar on the left hand side of the *Dive Profile* panel. For each of these graphs users can specify a threshold value on the right-hand side of the Preferences panel. If any of the graphs go above this threshold level, the graph is highlighted in red, indicating that the threshold has been exceeded. ** _draw dive computer reported ceiling red_: This checkbox allows exactly what it says. Not all dive computers report ceiling values. If the dive computer does report it, it may differ from the ceilings calculated by Subsurface. This is because of the different algorithms and gradient factors available for calculating ceilings, as well as the dynamic way that a dive computer can calculate ceilings during a dive. ** _unused cylinders_: This checkbox allows display of information about unused cylinders when activating the *Dive Info* panel. ** _show average depth_: Activating this checkbox causes Subsurface to draw a red line across the dive profile, indicating the mean depth of the dive. * *Misc*: *Gradient Factors:* Here users can set the _gradient factors_ used while diving. GF_Low is the gradient factor at depth and GF_High is used just below the surface. At intermediate depths gradient factors between GF_Low and GF_High are used. Gradient factors add conservatism to the nitrogen exposure during a dive, in a similar way that many dive computers have a conservatism setting. The lower the value of a gradient factor, the more conservative the calculations are with respect to nitrogen loading and the deeper the ascent ceilings are. Gradient factors of 20/60 are considered conservative and values of 60/90 are considered harsh. Checking *GFLow at max depth* box causes GF_Low to be used at the deepest depth of a dive. For more information see: ** http://www.tek-dive.com/portal/upload/M-Values.pdf[Understanding M-values by Erik Baker, _Immersed_ Vol. 3, No. 3.] ** link:http://www.rebreatherworld.com/general-and-new-to-rebreather-articles/5037-gradient-factors-for-dummies.html[Gradient factors for dummies, by Kevin Watts] === Languages A checkbox allows one to use the _System Default_ language which in most cases will be the correct setting; with this _Subsurface_ simply runs in the same language / country settings as the underlying OS. If this is for some reason undesirable users can uncheck this checkbox and pick a language / country combination from the list of included localizations. [[S_DivePlanner]] == The Subsurface dive planner The dive planner is accessed by selecting _Log -> Plan Dive_ from the main menu. This feature IS EXPERIMENTAL and assumes the user is already familiar with the _Subsurface_ user interface. It is explicitly used under the following conditions: - The user is conversant with dive planning and has the necessary training to perform dive planning. - The user plans dives within his/her certification limits. - Dive planning makes large assumptions about the characteristics of the _average person_ and cannot compensate for individual physiology or health or personal history or life style characteristics. - The safety of a dive plan depends heavily on the way in which the planner is used. - A user who is not absolutely sure about any of the above requirements should not use this feature. The dive planner currently comprises two parts: constructing a dive plan and evaluating that dive plan. Currently the only evaluation available is with respect to dive ceilings and maximal partial gas pressures. To perform dive planning, perform these steps: - Clear the existing dive log by creating a new planning log. This achieved by selecting _File -> New logbook_ from the main menu. This way, dive plans are kept totally separate from the existing dive log of completed dives. - In the top right-hand area of the screen, ensure that the constant dive parameters are appropriate. These are: ATM Pressure, Bottom SAC, SAC on Deco, GFHigh, GFLow and whether the last deco stop should be at 6m instead of the default 3m. - In the table labeled _Available Gases_, add the information of the cylinders to be used as well as the gas composition within that cylinder. This is done in a similar way as for <>. - Construct a dive profile, using similar procedures as for <> in the sections above. The unique feature of _Subsurface_ is the graphical interface for constructing dive plans. Drag the profile around using the waypoints on the design screen on the right, create more waypoints by double-clicking on the profile line and ensuring that the profile reflects the intended dive. - Indicate any changes in gas cylinder used by indicating gas changes as explained in the section <>. These changes should reflect the cylinders and gas compositions defined in the table with _Available Gases_. - Each waypoint on the dive profile creates a _Dive Planner Point_ in the table on the bottom left of the dive planner panel. Ensure that the _Used Gas_ value in each row of that table corresponds to one of the gas mixtures specified in the table with _Available Gases_ immediately above the Dive Planner Points. - Add new waypoints until the main features of the dive have been completed, e.g. the bottom time segment and deep stops (if these are implemented). Leave the remaining waypoints on the ascent to _Subsurface_. In most cases _Subsurface_ computes additional way points in order to fulfill decompression requirements for that dive. These appear in the table with _Computed Waypoints_ to the right of the Dive Planner Points. Below is an example of a dive plan to 40m using EAN28: image::images/Planner1.jpg["FIGURE: Planning a dive: setup",align="center"] Once the above has been completed, one can save it by clicking the _Save_ button towards the middle bottom of the dive planner panel. The saved dive plan will appear in the *Dive List* panel. The dive plan can be evaluated by doing the following: - Ensure that the appropriate gradient factors have been selected in the _Preferences_ panel of _Subsurface_. - Ensure that the appropriate maximal partial pressures of the gases used have been specified in the _Preferences_ panel of _Subsurface_. - Select the appropriate dive plan from the *Dive List* panel. - Ensure that the appropriate button(s) for the display of the calculated ceiling have been activated on the left part of the *Dive Profile* panel. - Ensure that the appropriate button(s) for the display of the partial pressures of gases (PO2, PN2, PHe) have been activated on the left part of the *Dive Profile* panel. The dive profile is shown in conjunction with the relevant dive ceiling. The dive profile should not closely approach the calculated ceiling. The partial gas pressures selected for display are indicates as graphs below the dive profile. The partial pressures of any of the gasses should not exceed the limits defined in the _Preferences_ panel of _Subsurface_. If any of the gases exceed the specified partial pressures, the appropriate segments of the dive prifile is highlighted in red. Below is an the dive plan completed in the previous figure and which can now be evaluated against the ceiling (determined by the gradient factors) as well as against the maximum gas partial pressures. Notice the plan is deficient in terms of gas planning: there is no provision for any reserve gas. image::images/Planner2.jpg["FIGURE: Planning a dive: evaluation",align="center"] This part of the software is in active development. == Description of the Subsurface Main Menu items This section describes the functions and operation of the items in the Main Menu of Subsurface. Several of the items below are links to sections of this manual dealing with the appropriate operations. === File - <> - Close the currently open dive logbook and clear all dive information. - _Open logbook_ - This opens the file manager in order to select a dive logbook to open. - _Save_ - Save the dive logbook that is currently open. - _Save as_: - Save the current logbook or the currently selected dives within the present logbook under a different filename. - _Close_ - Close the dive logbook that is currently open. - <> - Export the currently open dive logbook (or the selected dives in the logbook) in UDDF format. - _Export HTML World Map_ - Export the currently open dive logbook locations in HTML format and draw these on a world map. - <> - Print the currently open logbook. - <> - Set the _Subsurface_ preferences. - _Quit_ - Quit _Subsurface_. === Import - <> - Import dive information from a dive computer. - <> - Import dive information from a file in in a _Subsurface_-compatible format. - <> - Load GPS coordinates from the _Subsurface_ mobile phone app. - <> - Import dive information from _www.Divelogs.de_. === Log - <> - Manually add a new dive to the *Dive List* panel. - <> - Renumber the dives listed in the *Dive List* panel. -_Plan Dive_ - This experimental feature allows planning of simple dives. - <> - Group the dives in the *Dive List* panel into dive trips. - _Edit Device Names_ - Edit the names of dive computers. === View - <> - View the four main _Subsurface_ panels simmultaneously. - <> - View only the *Dive List* panel. - <> - View only the *Dive Profile* panel. - <> - View only the *Dive Notes* panel. - <> - View only the *World Map* panel. - _Yearly Statistics_ - Display summary statistics about dives during the last year. - _Prev DC_ - Switch to next dive computer. - _Next DC_ - Switch to previous dive computer. - _Full Screen_ - Toggles Full Screen mode. === Filter - _Select Events_ - This option is not implemented yet. === Help - _About Subsurface_ - Show a panel with the version number of _Subsurface_ as well as licensing information. - _Check for updates_ - Find out whether a newer version of Subsurface is available on the http://subsurface.hohndel.org/[_Subsurface_ web site]. - _User Manual_ - Open a window showing this user manual. == APPENDIX A: Operating system specific information for importing dive information from a dive computer. === Make sure that the OS has the required drivers installed [icon="images/icons/drivers.jpg"] [NOTE] The operating system of the desktop computer needs the appropriate drivers in order to communicate with the dive computer in whichever way the dive computer prefers (e.g. bluetooth, USB, infrared). * On Linux users need to have the correct kernel module loaded. Most distributions will do this automatically, so the user does not need to load kernel modules. However, some communication protocols require an additional driver, especially for rarely used technology such as infrared. * On Windows, the OS should offer to download the correct driver once the user connects the dive computer to the USB port and operating system sees the equipment for the first time. * On a Mac users sometimes have to manually hunt for the correct driver. For example the correct driver for the Mares Puck devices or any other dive computer using a USB-to-serial interface based on the Silicon Labs CP2101 or similar chip can be found as _Mac_OSX_VCP_Driver.zip_ at the http://www.silabs.com/support/pages/document-library.aspx?p=Interface&f=USB%20Bridges&pn=CP2101[Silicon Labs document and software repository]. [[S_HowFindDeviceName]] === How to Find the Device Name for USB devices and set its write permission [icon="images/icons/usb.jpg"] [NOTE] When a user connects the dive computer by using a USB connector, usually _Subsurface_ will either propose a drop down list that contains the correct device name (or mount point for the Uemis Zurich), or it will disable the device select drop down if no device name is needed at all. In the rare cases where this doesn't work, here are some instructions on ways to find out what the device name is: .On Windows: Simply try COM1, COM2, etc. The drop down list should contain all connected COM devices. .On MacOS: The drop down box should find all connected dive computers. .On Linux: There is a definitive way to find the port: - Disconnect the USB cable from the dive computer - Open a terminal - Type the command: 'dmesg' and press enter - Plug in the USB cable of the dive computer - Type the command: 'dmesg' and press enter A message similar to this one should appear: usb 2-1.1: new full speed USB device number 14 using ehci_hcd usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial USB Serial support registered for generic usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic usbserial: USB Serial Driver core USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device ftdi_sio 2-1.1:1.0: FTDI USB Serial Device converter detected usb 2-1.1: Detected FT232BM usb 2-1.1: Number of endpoints 2 usb 2-1.1: Endpoint 1 MaxPacketSize 64 usb 2-1.1: Endpoint 2 MaxPacketSize 64 usb 2-1.1: Setting MaxPacketSize 64 usb 2-1.1: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB3 usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio ftdi_sio: v1.6.0:USB FTDI Serial Converters Driver The third line from the bottom shows that the FTDI USB adapter is detected and connected to +ttyUSB3+. This information can now be used in the import settings as +/dev/ttyUSB3+ which directs Subsurface to the correct USB port. Ensuring that the user has write permission to the USB serial port: On Unix-like operating systems the USB ports can only be accessed by users who are members of the +dialout+ group. If one is not root, one may not be a member of that group and will not be able to use the USB port. Let us assume one's username is 'johnB'. - As root, type: +usermod -a -G dialout johnB+ (Ubuntu users: +sudo usermod -a -G dialout johnB+) This makes johnB a member of the +dialout+ group. - Type: +id johnB+ This lists all the groups that johnB belongs to and verifies that the appropriate group membership has been created. The +dialout+ group should be listed among the different IDs. With the appropriate device name (e.g. +dev/ttyUSB3+) and with write permission to the USB port, the dive computer interface can connect and one should be able to import dives. [[S_HowFindBluetoothDeviceName]] === Setting up bluetooth enabled devices [icon="images/icons/bluetooth.jpg"] [NOTE] For dive computers communicating through bluetooth like the Heinrichs Weikamp Frog or the Shearwater Predator and Petrel there is a different procedure to get the devices name to communicate with _Subsurface_. Follow these steps: * *For the dive computer, after enabling Bluetooth, ensure it is in Upload mode.* For Bluetooth pairing of the dive computer, refer to the manufacturer's user guide. When using a Shearwater Predator/Petrel, select _Dive Log -> Upload Log_ and wait for the _Wait PC_ message. * *Pair the _Subsurface_ computer with the dive computer.* .On Windows: Bluetooth is most likely already enabled. For pairing with the dive computer choose _Control Panel->Bluetooth Devices->Add Wireless Device_. This should bring up a dialog showing your dive computer (in Bluetooth mode) and allowing pairing. Right click on it and choose _Properties->COM Ports_ to identify the port used for your dive computer. If there are several ports listed, use the one saying "Outgoing" instead of "Incoming". For downloading to _Subsurface_, the _Subsurface_ drop-down list should contain this COM port already. If not, enter it manually. Note: If there are issues afterwards downloading from the dive computer using other software, remove the existing pairing with the dive computer. .On MacOS: Click on the Bluetooth symbol in the menu bar and select _Set up Bluetooth Device..._. The dive computer should then show up in the list of devices. Select it and go through the pairing process. This step should only be needed once for initial setup. Once the pairing is completed the correct device is shown in the 'Device or Mount Point' drop-down in the _Subsurface_ *Import* dialog. .On Linux Ensure Bluetooth is enabled on the _Subsurface_ computer. On most common distributions this should be true out of the box and pairing should be straight forward. For instance, Gnome3 shows a Bluetooth icon in the upper right corner of the desktop where one selects 'Set up New Device'. This should show a dialog where one can select the dive computer (which already should be in Bluetooth mode) and pair it. If a PIN is required, try manually setting '0000'. In the rare cases where the above is not true, then depending on your system, try +initd+ or +systemd+. This might be different and also involve loading modules specific to your hardware. In case your system is running +systemd+, manually run +systemctl start bluetooth.service+ to enable it, in case of +initd+, run something like +rc.config start bluetoothd+ or +/etc/init.d/bluetooth start+. One may also use a manual approach by using such commands: * +hciconfig+ shows the Bluetooth devices available on your computer (not dive computer), most likely one will see a hci0, if not try +hcitool -a+ to see inactive devices and run +sudo hciconfig hci0 up+ to bring them up. * +hcitool scanning+ gets a list of bluetooth enabled client devices, look for the dive computer and remember the MAC address are shown there * +bluez-simple-agent hci0 10:00:E8:C4:BE:C4+ pairs the dive computer with the bluetooth stack of the _Subsurface_ computer, copy/paste the MAC address from the output of 'hcitool scanning' Unfortunately on Linux binding to a communication device has to be done manually by running: * +rfcomm bind /dev/rfcomm0 10:00:E8:C4:BE:C4+ binds the dive computer to a communication device in the desktop computer, in case rfcomm is already taken use rfcomm1 or up. IMPORTANT: Copy/paste the MAC address from the output of +hcitool scanning+, the MAC address shown above will not work. For downloading dives in _Subsurface_ specify the device name connected to the MAC address in the last step above, e.g. _/dev/rfcomm0_. == APPENDIX B: Dive Computer specific information for importing dive information. [[S_ImportUemis]] === Import from a Uemis Zurich [icon="images/icons/iumis.jpg"] [NOTE] _Subsurface_ downloads the information stored on the SDA (the built-in file system of the Uemis) including information about dive spots and equipment. Buddy information is not yet downloadable. Things are very similar to a normal USB-connected dive computer (the Uemis is one of those that recharge when connected to the USB port). The main difference is that one does not enter a device name, but instead the location where the UEMISSDA file system is mounted once connected to the dive computer. On Windows this is a drive letter ( often 'E:' or 'F:'), on a Mac this is '/Volumes/UEMISSDA' and on Linux systems this differs depending on the distribution. On Fedora it usually is '/var/run/media//UEMISSDA'. In all cases _Subsurface_ should suggest the correct location in the drop down list. After selecting the above device name, download the dives from the Uemis Zurich. One technical issue with the Uemis Zurich download implementation (this is a Uemis firmware limitation, not a _Subsurface_ issue) is that one cannot download more than about 40-50 dives without running out of memory on the SDA. This will usually only happen the very first time one downloads dives from the Uemis Zurich. Normally when downloading at the end of a day or even after a dive trip, the capacity is sufficient. If _Subsurface_ displays an error that the dive computer ran out of space the solution is straight forward. Disconnect the SDA, turn it off and on again, and reconnect it. You can now retry (or start a new download session) and the download will continue where it stopped previously. One may have to do this more than once, depending on how many dives are stored on the dive computer. [[S_ImportingGalileo]] === Importing dives from the Uwatec Galileo [icon="images/icons/Galileo.jpg"] [NOTE] The Uwatec Galileo dive computers use infra red (IrDA) communication between the dive computer and Subsurface. The Uwatec hardware uses a USB dongle based on the serial infra-red (SIR) protocol and the MSC7780 IrDA controller manufactured by MosChip and marketed by Scubapro and some electronics companies. Under Linux, the kernel already provides for communication using the IrDA protocol. However, the user additionally needs to load a driver for the IrDA interface with the dive computer. The easiest way is to load the *irda-tools* package from the http://irda.sourceforge.net/docs/startirda.html[Linux IrDA Project]. After the installation of the irda-tools, the root user can specify a device name from the console as follows: +irattach irda0+ After executing this command, Subsurface will recognise the Galileo dive computer and download dive information. Under Windows, a similar situation exists. Drivers for the MCS7780 are available from some Internet web sites e.g. http://www.drivers-download.com/Drv/MosChip/MCS7780/[www.drivers-download.com]. For the Apple Mac, IrDA communication via the MCS7780 link is not available for OSX 10.6 or higher. [[S_ImportingDR5]] === Importing dives from Heinrichs Weikamp DR5 [icon="images/icons/HW_DR5.jpg"] [NOTE] When mounted as a USB drive the Heinrichs Weikamp DR5 saves a single UDDF file for every dive. Mark all the dives you'd like to import or open. Note: The DR5 does not seem to store gradient factors nor deco information, so for _Subsurface_ it is not possible to display them. Adjust the gradient factors in the _Tec Settings_ in _Subsurface_ to generate a deco overlay in the _Subsurface_ *Dive Profile* panel but please note that the deco calculated by _Subsurface_ will most likely differ from the one displayed on the DR5. === Import from Shearwater Predator using Bluetooth [icon="images/icons/predator.jpg"] [NOTE] Using a Shearwater Predator one may be able to pair Bluetooth but then encounter issues when downloading, showing errors like _Slip RX: unexp. SLIP END_ on the Predator. This might also arise when using other dive log software and operating systems other than Linux. We have no detailed idea about the source and how to fix this, but it is reported to be solved sometimes by one of these steps: * use the Bluetooth dongle which came with the Shearwater Predator instead of the built-in one of the _Subsurface_ computer * switch to different Bluetooth drivers for the same hardware * switch off WiFi while using Bluetooth == APPENDIX C: Exporting Dive log information from external dive log software. The import of dive log data from external dive log software is mostly performed using the dialogue found by selecting _Import_ from the Main Menu, then clicking on _Import Log Files_. This is a single-step process, more information about which can be found xref:Unified_import[here.] However, in some cases, a two-step process may be required: - Export the forieign dive log data to format that is accessible from _Subsurface_. - Import the accessible dive log data into _Subsurface_. This appendix provides some information about approaches to export dive log data from foreign dive log software. The procedures below mostly apply to Linux and/or Windows. [[S_ImportingDivesSuunto]] === Exporting dives from *Suunto Divemanager (DM3 and DM4)* [icon="images/icons/suuntologo.jpg"] [NOTE] Divemanager 3 (DM3) is an older version of the Suunto software. More recent Suunto dive computers use Divemanager 4 (DM4). The two versions of Divemanager use different methods and different file naming conventions to export dive log data. *Divemanager 3 (DM3):* - Start 'Suunto Divemanager 3' and log in with the name containing the logs - Do not start the import wizard to import dives from the dive computer. - In the navigation tree on the left side of the program-window, select the appropriate dives. - Within the list of dives, select the dives you would like to import later: * To select certain dives: hold 'ctrl' and click the dive * To select all dives: Select the first dive, hold down shift and select the last dive - With the dives marked, use the program menu _File -> Export_ - The export pop-up will show - Within this pop-up, there is one field called 'Export Path'. * Click the browse button next to the field Export Path ** A file-manager like window pops up ** Navigate to the directory or storing the Divelog.SDE file ** Optionally change the name of the file for saving ** Click 'Save' * Back in the Export pop-up, press the button 'Export' - The dives are now exported to the file Divelogs.SDE. *Divemanager 4 (DM4):* To export divelog from 'Suunto DM4', one needs to locate the DM4 database where the dives are stored. the user can either look for the original database or make a backup of the dives. Both methods are described here. Locating the Suunto DM4 database: * Start Suunto DM4 * Select 'Help -> About' * Click 'Copy' after text 'Copy log folder path to clipboard' * Now open Windows Explorer * Paste the address to the path box at the top of the File Explorer * The database is called DM4.db Backing up Suunto DM4: * Start Suunto DM4 * Select 'File - Create backup' * From the file menu select the location and name for the backup, we'll use DM4 in here with the default extension .bak * Click 'Save' * The dives are now exported to the file DM4.bak === Exporting from Mares Dive Organiser V2.1 [[Mares_Export]] [icon="images/icons/mareslogo.jpg"] [NOTE] Mares Dive Organiser is a Microsoft application. The dive log is kept as a Microsoft SQL Compact Edition data base with a '.sdf' filename extension. The data base includes all Dive Organiser-registered divers on the particular computer and all Mares dive computers used. The safest way to obtain a copy of the dive data base is to export the information to another compatible format which can be imported into _Subsurface_. - Within Dive Organiser, select _Database -> Backup_ from the main menu and back up the data base to the desk top. This creates a zipped file DiveOrganiserxxxxx.dbf. - Rename the file to DiveOrganiserxxxxx.zip. Inside the zipped directory is a file _DiveOrganiser.sdf_. - Extract the _.sdf_ file from the zipped folder to your Desktop. [[S_ImportingDivinglog]] === Exporting dives from *DivingLog 5.0* [icon="images/icons/divingloglogo.jpg"] [NOTE] Unfortunately DivingLog XML files give us no indication on the preferences set on one's system. So in order for _Subsurface_ to be able to successfully import XML files from DivingLog one first needs to ensure that DivingLog is configured to use the Metric system (one can easily change this within Diving Log by selecting 'File -> Preferences -> Units and Language' by clicking the 'Metric' button). Then do the following: - In Divinglog open the 'File -> Export -> XML' menu - Select the dives to export - Click on the export button and select the filename == APPENDIX D: FAQs. === Subsurface appears to miscalculate gas consumption and SAC [[SAC_CALCULATION]] 'Question': I dived with a 12.2 l tank, starting with 220 bar and ending with 100 bar, and I calculate a different SAC compared what _Subsurface_ calculates. Is _Subsurface_ miscalculating? 'Answer': Not really. What happens is that _Subsurface_ actually calculates gas consumption differently - and better - than you expect. In particular, it takes the incompressibility of the gas into account. Traditionally, Gas consumption and SAC should be: +consumption = tank size x (start pressure - end pressure)+ and that's true for an ideal gas, and it's what you get taught in dive theory. But an "ideal gas" doesn't actually exist, and real gases actually don't compress linearly with pressure. Also, you are missing the fact that one atmosphere of pressure isn't actually one bar. So the *real* calculation is: +consumption = (amount_of_air_at_beginning - amount_of_air_at_end)+ where the amount of air is *not* just "tank size times pressure in bar". It's a combination of: "take compressibility into account" (which is a fairly small issue under 220 bar - you'll see more differences when you do high-pressure tanks with 300bar) and "convert bar to atm" (which is the majority of your discrepancy). Remember: one ATM is ~1.013 bar, so without the compressibility, your gas use is: +12.2*((220-100)/1.013)+ which is about 1445, not 1464. So there was 19 l too much in your simple calculation that ignored the difference between 1 bar and one ATM. The compressibility does show up above 200 bar, and takes that 1445 down about eight liters more, so you really did use only about 1437 l of air at surface pressure. So be happy: your SAC really is better than your calculations indicated. Or be sad: your cylinder contains less air than you thought it did. And as mentioned, the "contains less air than you thought it did" really starts becoming much more noticeable at high pressure. A 400 bar really does not contain twice as much air as a 200 bar one. At lower pressures, air acts pretty much like an ideal gas. === Some dive profiles have time discrepances with the recorded samples from my dive computer... _Subsurface_ ends up ignoring surface time for many things (average depth, divetime, SAC, etc). For example, if you end up doing a weight check (deep enough to trigger the "dive started") but then come back up and wait five minutes for your buddies, your dive computer may say that your dive is 50 minutes long - because you have fifty minutes worth of samples - but subsurface will say it's 45 minutes - because you were actually diving for 45 minutes. It's even more noticeable if you do things like divemastering the initial OW dives, when you may stay in the water for a long time, but spend most of it at the surface. And then you don't want that to count as some kind of long dive”.